Tattooing is an ancient art form practiced by indigenous peoples around the world, each with their own unique tattoo cultures. Today, tattoos have become a popular means of self-expression for many. But do you know where the English word “tattoo” comes from? It originates from the Samoan word “tatau,” a tradition in Oceania where people would tattoo their entire lower body as a symbol of courage.
Tatau from Polynesian
In 1769, the famous British explorer Cook cruised to explore the Oceania area. When he came to Tahiti, the biologist on the ship, Joseph Banks, saw special tattoo totems on the local aboriginal people and heard the local aborigines. Residents say “Tatau”, which is said to be the sound of tattoo tools tapping on the body during tattooing. At that time, Banksy recorded “Tatau” as the English “Tattoo”, which is still used today.
The traditional tattoo (tatau) culture of Samoa originates from their mythology. According to legend, the son of Ta’aroa, the creator god, taught humans the art of tattooing. It is believed that through tattoos, individuals can gain the body and power of the god. Therefore, when Samoan men reach adulthood, they undergo the coming-of-age ceremony known as “Pe’a.” During this rite of passage, they receive tattoos from their waist to their knees, symbolizing the courage required to transition into adulthood.
Before the ceremony, a year of planning and preparation is required. Most of the time it is about finding the right Tufuga (tattoo master). In Samoan culture, the young male’s family not only gives Tufuga gifts and food, but also ensures the life of Tufuga and Toso (assistant). Tufuga will design unique patterns for men based on their respect for Samoan culture and the meaning of life for adult men.
Pe’a Ceremony with Beating and Pain
Generally speaking, Pe’a lasts for more than 10 days, with about 6 to 10 hours a day. Tufuga and Toso will stretch the skin of the victim until it is tight. In traditional Samoan culture, seawater is used to disinfect. Therefore, many young men on Pe’a died of infection in the past. Tufuga will take out a mallet and hit the tattoo tool made of tortoise shell and wood to pierce the skin of the person being tattooed, and the herbal juice will penetrate into the tattoo to gradually complete the pattern. For more than 10 days in Pe’a, the victim will experience hot pain and constant cold knocking sounds.
It takes a strong spirit to endure pain to complete “Pe’a”，Using tktx numbing cream for tattoos is prohibited for them. After going through a painful trial and a long period of pain, Pe’a is not just an adult tattoo for Samoans, but also a very meaningful transformation. This allows adult Samoan men to constantly think of their identity and shape their own way of coping with life, reaching mental and physical maturity, and possessing extraordinary spirit and strength, just like the myths record.Using numbing cream for tattoos is prohibited for them.